Guppy fish (Poceilia reticulata), are small, vibrant fish native to northeastern South America.
They’re so popular in the hobby due to the electric coloration, activity, and all around attitude. And their ability to adapt to various environments makes them ideal for beginners.
In this article, you’ll discover the exact steps you need to take in order to provide your guppy fish with the right care for a happy and healthy environment.
Guppy Fish Care Overview
Guppy Fish Key Information
Key Characteristics
- Size: 2-3inches (6.4-7.6cm)
- Life Span: 2-3 Years
- Temperament: Peaceful & Sociable
- Living Zone: Top & Middle
- Diet: Omnivorous
Water Parameters
- Temperature: 72°-82°F (22°-28°C)
- pH Level: 7.0-7.2
- Hardness: 8-12 dGH
- Ammonia: 0 ppm
- Nitrite: 0 ppm
- Nitrate: Less than 20 ppm
Care Schedule
- Daily: Feeding and temperature checks
- Weekly: Water Test (pH, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate) & 25% water change
- Monthly: Equipment check, substrate clean, Plant trimming
Scientific Classification
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Chordata
- Class: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
- Order: Cyprinodontiformes
- Family: Poeciliidae
- Genus: Poecilia
- Species: Poecilia reticulata
Ideal Tank Set Up Overview
Tank Supplies
10 gallon tank with lid
Sponge Filter
Heater
LED Lighting
Thermometer
Live Plants
Inert Substrate
Decorations
Water Conditioner
Gravel Vacuum
Diet
Algae
Omega One Freshwater Flakes
Northfin Community Formula Sinking Pellets
Cobalt Aquatics Ultra Guppy Floating Pellets
Omega One Color Mini Pellets
Zoo Med Spirulina
Brine Shrimp
Daphnia
Guppy Aquarium Set Up
The Nitrogen Cycle
Before you do anything with your aquarium, you must perform the nitrogen cycle in order to ensure your Guppies a safe environment to live.
See our step-by-step guide here.
Aquarium Size
Guppies require to be kept in groups of at least 3. If you’re just having the 3, a 5 gallon tank will surface. However, it’s much easier to maintain water quality in larger tanks.
Having a 10-20 gallon tank will ensure you are future-proofed against any breeding. I would also recommend a lid as guppies are known jumpers.
Related Article: Best Fish Tank For Guppies
Equipment Required
- Sponge filter with gentle flow for smaller tanks 5-10 gallons. Anything over 20 gallons and I recommend you look at hang-on-back filters. (Filters GPH must be 4x the gallon size of your tank.
- LED Light: Hygger’s 24/7 planted tank LED light would provide an automatic night/day cycle and enough PAR for any live plants
- Decorations for hiding: rocks & driftwood are excellent choices
- Heater: Fluvals E Series is ideal as it won our testing process and has a heater guard to protect your fish
- Thermometer to ensure stable temperature
- Water testing kits
- Gravel vacuum
- Water conditioner
Substrate
Inert substrate is best as it won’t alter your tank’s water parameters. Sand or fine gravel are suitable. Just make sure they’re inert.
Dark substrate always works well if you want to make your colorful guppies really stand out.
Plants and Decorations
Lots of live plants and decorations like driftwood, rocks, or even PVC tubing for places to hide and swim in and out of would be a welcomed addition in a guppy tank.
Plants I recommend you consider are:
- Java Moss
- Java Fern
- Anacharis
- Christmas Moss
- Water Wisteria
- Anubias
Water Parameters
- Temperature: 72°-82°F (22°-28°C)
- pH Level: 7.0-7.2
- Hardness: 8-12 dGH
- Ammonia: 0 ppm
- Nitrite: 0 ppm
- Nitrate: Less than 20 ppm
Feeding Guppies
Adult Guppies can be fed once or twice a day. And feed them what they can eat within one minute.
Be careful, like others, guppies will beg and beg for more food, but don’t give in. Overfeeding fish is one of the main causes of water problems. If they’re begging, just leave them. They’ll graze on algae and help keep your tank clean.
Some foods you can try are:
- Omega One Freshwater Flakes
- Northfin Community Formula Sinking Pellets
- Cobalt Aquatics Ultra Guppy Floating Pellets
- Omega One Color Mini Pellets
- Zoo Med Spirulina
- Brine Shrimp
- Daphnia
Related Article: Best Food For Guppies Compared & Reviewed
Guppy Tank Mates
Although they may occasionally nip the extremities of fish with longer fins, guppies are peaceful fish. You can keep them with other peaceful species such:
- Platies
- Neon Tetras
- Bristlenose Plecos
- Cory Catfish
- Danios
- Swordtails
- Mollies
As long as they’re peaceful and match the water parameters, guppies can have them as a tank mate. Just never house guppies aggressive fish as they’ll nip at their fins or eat them.
Breeding Guppies
Thankfully, guppies are incredibly easy fish to breed- even for beginners.
How to Choose the Best Guppies for Breeding
When deciding on which guppies to breed, you should first consider how you want their offspring to look.
This will depend on a number of factors, such as their color, pattern, and tail shape.
Breeding together two leopard guppies, for example, will maximize the chances that the offspring will be a leopard fry.
Breeding a leopard guppy with a tuxedo guppy, on the other hand, may produce offspring that display mixed characteristics from each of its parents.
As well as physical appearance, it’s wise to choose two of your healthiest fish for breeding, since this will minimize the chances that the offspring will inherit faulty genes or diseases.
Signs of poor health include visible fungal infections, fin/tail rotting, and bladder inflammation.
Creating Your Breeding Environment
You can choose to breed guppies in their own separate tanks or in communal tanks. Both have their own pros and cons:
Placing your mating guppies into a separate tank allows you far more control over them and their conditions.
- You can easily select which parents will mate to produce offspring, selecting the coloration and characteristics of your choice.
- You can keep a close eye on them and their behavior.
- No other tank mates will eat newborn fry.
The only downside to this setup is that it requires another tank and, in turn, a lot more space and money.
When breeding guppies in a communal tank, any two fish could breed to produce offspring.
This can be exciting as the coloration and characteristics of their offspring will be random, and you’ll find they often produce some really striking, extravagant shades.
On the other hand, it means that you have little control over which individual fish will mate.
The other major downside (this is where it gets kinda gnarly) is that tank mates are likely to feed on fry.
If you don’t mind how your newborn fish look, and feel confident that your fry will be safe, communal breeding can make the whole breeding process cheaper and less time consuming.
Creating the Water Conditions for Breeding
As guppies are hardy fish and are able to tolerate a range of conditions, there aren’t many specific water requirements when it comes to breeding.
Your water should, however, be between 73 – 83⁰F in order to initiate breeding.
The Spawning Process
When they’re ready to spawn, males will approach females from below and extend their gonopodium (a thin rod near the anus), initiating the mating process.
Females can store sperm inside them for up to 3 months, which is- ahem… damn impressive. It also means that they can have up to 3 births per single mating session.
The gestation period typically lasts for around 28 days but can range from 21 – 40.
Females can give birth to 20 – 200 fry per spawning, depending on her age and size.
Pregnant females develop large, round patches on their stomachs known as gravid spots.
Caring For Guppy Fry
Whether in a communal or isolated tank, fry should have plenty of cover and places to hide for comfort- and to avoid being eaten by tank mates.
Java moss is a thick and dense plant and makes a great hiding space for guppy fry.
Immediately after being born, guppy fry will eat anything and everything they can. Freshly hatched brine shrimp and powdered dry food make for great, nutritious food sources to sustain your newborn fry.
But do remember:
You should always be wary of overfeeding. Excess food can upset your tank’s water quality and kill younger fish.
As your fry grows, you should make an effort to conduct regular water changes in order to maintain water quality and encourage growth.
Are Guppy Fish Right For You?
Guppies are ideal for both beginners and seasoned aquarists. With so many varieties, ease of care, and high energy, they work perfectly in a peaceful community tank.
The only thing which could put you off is the rate they can breed. But, you can manage this by keep the right water parameters and male to female ratios.
How Big do Guppy Fish Grow?
Guppies grow to an average of 2 inches
How long do guppy fish live for?
Guppies live for 2-3 years on average
How can you sex a guppy fish?
Male guppies have wide, long caudal fins that are typically bright in color whilst females have shorter, narrower caudal fins. Females, as stated earlier, also grow far larger than males.
Thank you ! For your easy to understand post ??
Thank you I hope to start with guppies soon. Your info is most helpful.
Thanks for all the straightforward info. You made it easy to understand and implement.
This was the most needed read up material I needed as a beginner for guppies, thank you so much Christopher :).
Thanks for the information provided by you, its really helpful.
Thanks like your sense of humor!
Thanks! I hope to get guppies soon. this was a great help
Thank you Adam, now, i re starting our guppy fish project and info from you, sure would be useful.
How if we use only 1 pair, not trio, for a breeding tank, it will be problem for the female or the male?